About Us

Environment, Social and Governance (ESG), Reporting and Assurance (Audit), Climate Finance, Carbon Trading, Climate and Human Rights Arbitration & Mediation

• Number of Stock Exchanges: 120
• Number of listed companies: 62,339 
• Domestic market capitalization  USD 126,945,688 million    

Argentina – Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos (BYMA) and Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires (BCBA)

Armenia – Armenia Securities Exchange

Australia – Sydney Stock Exchange

Australia – Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)

Austria – Wiener Börse

Azerbaijan – Baku Stock Exchange

Bahrain – Bahrain Bourse (BHB)

Bangladesh – Dhaka Stock Exchange

Bangladesh – Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)

Barbados – The Barbados Stock Exchange Inc. (BSE)

Belarus – Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange

Belgium – Euronext Brussels

Bermuda – The Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX)

Bhutan – Royal Securities Exchange of Bhutan

Bosnia and Herzegovina – Banja Luka Stock Exchange (BLSE)

Botswana – Botswana Stock Exchange

Brazil – B3

Bulgaria – Bulgarian Stock Exchange

Canada – TMX Group Inc.

Canada – NEO Exchange

Chile – Bolsa de Santiago

China – Shenzhen Stock Exchange

China – Shanghai Stock Exchange

China – Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited

Colombia – Bolsa de Valores de Colombia

Costa Rica – Bolsa Nacional de Valores

Côte D’Ivoire – BRVM (Regional Securities Exchange)

Croatia – Zagreb Stock Exchange

Cyprus – Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE)

Czech Republic – Prague Stock Exchange

Denmark – Nasdaq Copenhagen

Dominican Republic – Bolsa y Mercados de Valores de la República Dominicana

Ecuador – Quito Stock Exchange

Ecuador – Bolsa de Valores Guayaquil (BVG)

Egypt – Egyptian Exchange

Estonia – Nasdaq Tallinn

Finland – Nasdaq Helsinki

France – Euronext Paris

Germany – Deutsche Börse

Ghana – Ghana Stock Exchange

Greece – Athens Exchange Group

Guatemala – Bolsa de Valores Nacional, S.A. (BVNSA)

Guernsey – The International Stock Exchange (TISE)

Honduras – Bolsa Centroamericana de Valores S.A.

Hungary – Budapest Stock Exchange

Iceland – Nasdaq Iceland

India – National Stock Exchange of India

India – Bombay Stock Exchange

Indonesia – Indonesia Stock Exchange

Iran (Islamic Republic of) – Tehran Stock Exchange

Iran (Islamic Republic of) – Iran Fara Bourse Securities Exchange

Ireland – Euronext Dublin

Israel – Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange

Italy – Borsa Italiana (Euronext)

Jamaica – Jamaica Stock Exchange

Japan – Japan Exchange Group

Jordan – Amman Stock Exchange

Kazakhstan – Kazakhstan Stock Exchange

Kenya – Nairobi Securities Exchange

Kuwait – Boursa Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Stock Exchange

Latvia – Nasdaq Riga

Lithuania – Nasdaq Vilnius

Luxembourg – Bourse de Luxembourg

Malaysia – Bursa Malaysia

Malta – Malta Stock Exchange

Mauritius – Stock Exchange of Mauritius

Mexico – Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (Mexican Stock Exchange)

Mexico – Bolsa Institucional de Valores (BIVA)

Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar Securities Exchange

Mongolia – Mongolian Stock Exchange

Morocco – Bourse de Casablanca

Namibia – Namibian Stock Exchange

Netherlands – Euronext Amsterdam

New Zealand – New Zealand Stock Exchange

Nicaragua – Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua (BVN)

Nigeria – Nigerian Exchange (NGX)

North Macedonia – Macedonian Stock Exchange

Norway – Oslo Børs (Euronext)

Oman – Muscat Stock Exchange

Pakistan – Pakistan Stock Exchange

Panama – Latin American Stock Exchange (Latinex)

Papua New Guinea – Papua New Guinea National Stock Exchange

Paraguay – Bolsa de Valores & Productos de Asunción S.A. (BVPASA)

Peru – Grupo BVL

Philippines – Philippine Stock Exchange

Poland – Warsaw Stock Exchange

Portugal – Euronext Lisbon

Qatar – Qatar Stock Exchange

Republic of Korea – Korea Exchange

Romania – Bucharest Stock Exchange

Russian Federation – Moscow Exchange

Rwanda – Rwanda Stock Exchange

Saudi Arabia – Saudi Exchange

Serbia – Belgrade Stock Exchange

Seychelles – MERJ Exchange

Singapore – Singapore Exchange

Slovenia – Ljubljana Stock Exchange

Somalia – Somali Stock Exchange

South Africa – Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)

South Africa – Cape Town Stock Exchange (CTSE)

Spain – Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME)

Sri Lanka – Colombo Stock Exchange

Sweden – Nasdaq Stockholm

Switzerland – SIX Swiss Exchange

Thailand – Stock Exchange of Thailand

Tunisia – Bourse des Valeurs Mobilières de Tunis

Turkey – Borsa İstanbul

Uganda – Uganda Securities Exchange

United Arab Emirates – Dubai Financial Market

United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – London Stock Exchange

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Euronext London

United Republic of Tanzania – Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange

United States of America – New York Stock Exchange

United States of America – Nasdaq

Uruguay – Bolsa Electrónica de Valores del Uruguay S.A. (BEVSA)

Viet Nam – Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange

Viet Nam – Hanoi Stock Exchange

Zimbabwe – Zimbabwe Stock Exchange

2. Reporting, Compliances and Assurance under the  Various Laws, Standards, Standards and Taxonomy

• UN Impact Standards- for Private Equity, Bonds.
• USA Climate Act.
• SEC’s Climate Disclosure Rules.
• EU Climate Act.
• EU Taxonomy.
• EU Capital Market Union Action Plan.
• London Stock Exchange Guidelines.
• Canadian Securities Administrators (the CSA) Guidance on Greenwashing and ESG Disclosures
• The GRI Standards.
• TCFD Standards.
• International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Exposure Drafts on Sustainability Disclosure Standard IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and Exposure Draft Sustainability Disclosure Standard IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India - Business responsibility and sustainability reporting by listed entities, BRSR Reporting.
• Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI):
• Social Audit Standards (100 – 1600) .
• Standard on Sustainability Assurance Engagements (SSAE) 3000 Assurance Engagements on Sustainability Information.
• Climate VaR.

3. Climate Finance

4. Carbon Trading

5. Settlement of Disputes arising under various Laws under Climate Change and Human Rights.

1. Resolving Climate Change Related Disputes through Arbitration and ADR arising out of or in relation to the effect of climate change and climate change policy, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCCC”) and the Paris Agreement.

2. Such disputes may arise out of or in relation to:

• Contracts relating to the implementation of energy or other systems transition, mitigation or adaptation in line with the Paris Agreement commitments (for the avoidance of doubt, the Paris Agreement is between state parties and the commitments thereunder apply to state parties and not to non-state parties unless they have been incorporated into domestic regulation);
• Contracts without any specific climate-related purpose or subject-matter but where a dispute involves or gives rise to a climate or related environmental issue; and
• Submission or other specific agreements entered into to resolve existing climate change or related environmental disputes, potentially involving impacted groups or populations

Business and Human Rights: wherein the parties could include business entities, individuals, labor unions and organizations, States, State entities, international  organizations and civil society organizations, as well as any other parties of any kind, eg.,

• For the possibility of a remedy for those affected by the human right impacts of business activities, as set forth in Pillar III of the United  Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (the “UN  Guiding Principles”), serving as a grievance mechanism consistent with  Principle 31 of the UN Guiding Principles; and

• Businesses with a mechanism for addressing adverse human rights impacts with which they are involved, as set forth in Pillar II and Principles 11 and 13 of the UN Guiding Principles.

• These  Arbitrations are  not meant as a general substitute for State-based judicial or non-judicial mechanisms.

• The settlement of disputes by collaborative settlement mechanisms, such as mediation, conciliation, negotiation and facilitation is encouraged, including at any stage of an arbitration proceeding that has already been commenced.

Although the specific SDGs are not framed in terms of human rights, many targets reflect the content of international standards. For instance, SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), and SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities) reflect much of the core content of economic, social and cultural rights.  SDG 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions addresses some key dimensions of civil and political rights, including personal security, access to justice and fundamental freedoms. SDG 17 addresses issues related to the right to development and means of implementation.